Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide

Unit One1. Consequences of the Neolithic diversity didnt includeEnd of hunting-gathering societies2. roughly scholars believe that, during the Paleolithic Age, mixer organization was characterized byA rough kindly equality3. The earliest metal worked governing bodyically by hu diminutive-arms arCopper4. The string step to the fore of the Bantu-speaking peoples over gray Africa can be best explained by theirKnow conductge of agriculture5. Characteristics of complex civilizationsSpecialization of laborTrade and pagan diffusion indite languagesComplex polity-making establish and force out6. Evidence proves that the MesopotamiansTraded extensively with peoples as far amodal value as Anatolia, Egypt, & India7. study effect of Neolithic RevolutionThe establishment of sedentary village communities8. Conditions for women in MesopotamiaGrew increasingly worse over clip9. The division of the quaint people into social and g closeer hierarchies was valet-class make possible byRise in agri heathen production10. estimable mo nonheism was the tradition of theHebrews11. Hammurabis code was based on the concept of lex talionis notwithstanding the punishments were shaped byThe social standing of the acc substance abused2. The Hittites who were the intimately influential ancient Indo-atomic number 63an migrants into south westboundmost Asia are credited forHorse-drawn chariotsMetallurgyMigrating from southern RussiaDefeating the Babylonians13. The society who began the custom of embalming to carry on the body for its life after deathEgypt14. Which metal was nigh im portholeant in transforming agriethnical societies into galactic urban civilizations?Iron15. In which society did women enjoy the most freedom and opportunity?Egypt16. In tribes which, as early as 3000 BCE, began to out string out their language and agricultural techniques washed-upout Africa were theBantu17. The Chinese philosophy that promoted strict social and policy-making control w as* Legalism18. Social distinctions in Early River Valley civilizations were* little(prenominal) pronounced than in Neolithic19. By spreading their language across a huge stretch of Africa, the Bantu played a role analogous to that played by* Indo-atomic number 63ans20. The Bantu probably began their migrations because of* Population pressures21. Much of the early Harappan history re chief(prenominal)s a mystery because* The archeological remains are under water22. The biggest war machine advantages of the Indo- europiumans was* Their horses23. Most of our information to the highest degree the early Aryans comes from the* Vedas24. coiffe sortings of early societies and their rivers* Mesopotamia Tigris & Euphrates Egypt Nile Harappan Indus china Huang He25. Harappan society* Most of their houses featured private showers and toilets* They mickled extensively with the Mesopotamians* They had social distinctionsThey produced repre displaceational art26. Group that retained much much influence on family structure in chinaware than in other early civilizations* The extended family27. The Chinese concept of the assign of Heaven was sometimes used to justify* Rebellion28. Early China enjoyed lasting direct long-distance betray with* None29. Ritual bloodletting was crucial to Maya rituals because* It was associated with rain & agriculture30. The most indication artistic creation of the Olmecs were* Colossal human heads sculpted with basalt31. The Aryans affected the Indian sub-continent by A common written language* Adding race to the association system* Establishing the Silk Road flock* Advanced use of technology32. Which of the future(a) numeric concepts, infixed for positional notation and the manipulation of large numbers, was invented by Mayan mathematicians?* Zero33. The net source of wealth in any agricultural society is* Land34. This enactment from the Upanishads explain what Hindi concept? According as a man acts and walks in the pa th of life, so he becomes. He that does salutary becomes good he that does evil becomes evil. * Karma35. Which early Mesopotamian ruler believed that the gods had chosen to promote the wellbeing of the people (and) to cause justice to prevail in the land?* Hammurabi36. During the time of the Aryans the Indian governmental landscape was characterized by* A serial of itty-bitty kingdoms37. Contributions of the River Valley Civilizations* Metallurgy in agriculture, welfare and art* The wagon wheel* Written forms of communication* The calendar and the 60-second minute38. What two River Valley civilizations are most likewise as far as their use of regionalism and the decentralization of political power?* Olmec and Chavin39. Confucian social order* Loyalty to the ruler* Filial bowing to ones father* Respect of younger brother to elder brother* Respect of husband to wife40. Women were distinguished contributors to the agricultural revolution because they were credibly the* Gender who gathered edible plants and grew various grains41. Shang and Zhou China originated the Mandate of Heaven primarily* As a way to demonstrate the divinity of the emperor42. The government structures of early Mesopotamia and Egypt* In both civilizations power was concentrated in the hands of a king who was considered a god43. The Chinese copied their chariots from* The steppe nomads44. The check of fight States refers to the* Chaotic last centuries of the Zhou dynasty45. The early Chinese shipped textiles and metal goods to the ancestors of the Turks and Mongols in the steppes and received what in return?* Horses46. Which of the following is a key philosophical and religious element of Daoism?* Emphasis on harmony in the midst of humanity47. Which of the following describes the major effect of Bantu migrations?* Cultural commonalities in sub-Saharan Africa48. Confucius argued that* Educations is essential to becoming a refined gentleman49. The device the ancient Olmec build in order to trap silt carried by the numerous rivers passing through the Mesoamerican lowlands* Terraces50. The proper order from top to crumb of the original Aryan clan system?* Priests, warriors, farmers/merchants, laborers, polluted laborers51. One key role of the caste system which was unlike other systems of social inequality in the ancient public was that the caste system* Served to maintain order and st great power as political systems did in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China52. What purpose do scholars believe paleolithic genus Venus figurines served? The figurines reflect a deep interest in fertility needful for the generation of the new life53. A key geographic remainder surrounded by ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Harappan, and Chinese society was thatEgypt and China were more than(prenominal)(prenominal) spaced and therefore protected by their environment than there were the Mesopotamians or Harappans54. Olmec and Mesopotamian political traditions are an example of* Decentralized monarchy55. Because of the immense size of the Zhou suppose, its emperors were laboured to* Institute a feudal system of the governmentUnit Two1. An important reason for the conciliate of the romish, Han, and Gupta imperiums was * Intensified assaults and security issues along their frontiers2. Before 500 C. E. Judaism and Hinduism were similar in that both * Had written scriptures and an ethical code to live by3. In organizing their empire, Iranian rulers relied heavily on techniques of administration from the * Mesopotamians4. The Medes and Persians were originally * Indo-European tribes5. The unspotted Persian governmental approach was * An enlightened an tolerant one6. The Persian legal code was designed to * Codify laws of the subject peoples7. The center of the Persian communications network was * The Royal Road8. Basic tenets of Zoroastrianism that influenced later religions * The ruling in heaven and hell * The encouragement of high moral standards * The article of faith that individuals will undergo a final judgment * The belief that separately individual plays a key role in determining his or her phantasmal destiny9. The Qin and Han dynasties * Went further than the Persian emperors in their efforts to foster cultural unity10. Confucian terms * Ren benevolence * Xiao filial piety * Dao way * Junzi superior individuals11. The philosophy that criticized the social activism, and instead, proposed a life of reflection and self-contemplation was * Daoism12. What was the school of philosophical thought that returned order to China after the Period of Warring States? * Legalism13. Qin Shihuangdis most important contribute to China was * Establishing a precedent for centralized imperial rule14. The Han philosophy of rule was * A contribution of Qin policies of centralizations15. In 124 B. C. E. , Han Wudi transformed China by * Establishing an imperial university16. Which popular treatise emphasized humility, obedience, subse rvience, and devotion to their husbands as the virtues most appropriate for women? * Admonitions for Women17. As the Han dynasty became more strong and smashed, * The gap between rich and poor grew perilously large18. The Indian political scene changed dramatically in 520 B. C. E. when new administrative techniques were introduced after the invasion of the * Persians19. The rock and pillar edicts were issued by Ashoka20. One of the biggest pecuniary problems of the later Mauryan dot was the rulers decision to * Debase the specie21. Politically, the Guptas * Left local government and administration in the hands of their ally22. The success and timing of slyness, through the Indian Ocean basin, largely depended on * Understanding the rhythms of the monsoon winds23. One of the biggest transformations of the caste system during this full stop was * The rise of guilds, which essentially served as jati24. The greatest social contribution of the Jains was The fact that they did no t cognize social hierarchies based on caste25. When Krishna tells Arjuna, in the Bhagavad Gita, Having regards to your birth duty, you ought not to falter, for there is nothing better for a Kshatriya than a righteous battle, he is referring to what Hindu principle? * Dharma26. The political structure of the ancient Greeks * Usually considered of in underage, autonomous city-states27. The Greeks used the word polis to refer to the * The city-state28. Athenian democracy was rotate to * every last(predicate) Athenian citizens29. Events that occurred during the time of Pericles * Athenian democracy reached its high point capital of Greece became the most sophisticated of the poleis * Athenian expansion and arrogance helped spark the Peloponnesian War * Athens underwent a massive building program30. Affects that came about because of Greek colonization * An affix in the size and diversity of trade * The spread of Greek language and cultural traditions * A quickening of the gait of social life * Increased contact with other societies31. Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution * Incidence of disease increased * Widening gender differences * Rapid increase in human cosmos * Increase in reliable feed supply32. In The Republic, Plato proposed that the true rulers of society should be * Philosopher kings33. The Roman policy toward conquered peoples was * Generous with potential for citizenship34. The Roman policy of toleration and respect for conquered peoples was most similar to the * Persians35. The land passage of the silk roads ran from the Han capital of _____________ to the Mediterranean port of _____________. * Changan Antioch36. Latifundia were * Enormous plantations worked by break ones backs37. After naming himself dictator in 46 B. C. E. Julius Caesar * Launched large-scale building projects in Rome Extended Roman citizenship to peoples in the imperial provinces * Appointed some Gauls to the Roman senate * Seized the land from the conservatives an d distribute it to his force veterans38. The reign of Augustus inaugurated a stop consonant known as paxromana in which caused * common land coinage * putting green language * Greco-Roman art * Stoicism39. Foundations of Roman Law * The principle that defendants were innocent until proven guilty * The notion that defendants had a right to challenge their accusers to begin with a judge in a court or law * The ability of judges to set out laws that were inequitable40. The information that Zhang Qian brought back back up Han Wudi to destroy the Xiongnu and lay out the foundations for the * Silk roads41. The fact that by the premier coke C. E. southeast Asiatic kings called themselves rajas shows how they were influenced by the * Indians42. By around the year 600 C. E. , the ravages of epidemic diseases had caused both the Mediterranean and Chinese populations decrease by * At least a pull43. In the year 184 C. E. , peasant discontent in China led to an uprising known as the * Yellow Turban rebellion44. With the join in political order after the fall of the Han Empire, * Daoism and Buddhism became much more popular45. The Roman Empire was divided into two parts by * Dio Cletian46. The social distinctions in Early River Valley civilizations were * Did not exist as they did in pervious times47. After the collapse of the western half of the Roman Empire, imperial authority survived for another thousand years in the * gnarled Empire48. major effect of Bantu migrations * Cultural commonalities in sub-Saharan AfricaUnit 3 Part I1. Agricultural production increased passim medieval Europe mainly esult of a * A heavier plow * urine and wind powered mills2. Arabic conquests of Mesopotamia and Persia influenced the women in the Muslim world by making * Society more olden3. Characteristics of the medieval uttermost of Europe * Political order through feudalism * Economic order through manorialism * Religious order through Church * Expanded trade and educat ion4. The expansion of communication and trade networks in Afro-Eurasia from 600 C. E. to 1450 C. E. resulted in the spread of what from South Asia? * Technological and scientific concepts such as decimal and zip fastener5. Foot binding is probably the best example of * The increasingly patriarchal nature of Chinese society6. During the Tang and Song periods, the imperial trial system * Expanded and filled posts based on intellectual ability and merit7. When comparing northern and southern India during the postclassical era, it can be verbalise that * The south suffered through far hardly a(prenominal)er invasions than the north did8. The success of the Byzantine theme system was most dependent upon * Promoting rural agriculture with few imperial restrictions9. Islam became very popular in India and within different segments of Hindu society because * It emphasized equality and it was less exclusionary than Hinduism10. The term samurai describes men in feudal lacquer who were m ost like these men in Europe * Knights11. Gender relations up to k C. E. * In some societies, women enjoyed more rights than in others12. The impact of commercial trade during this period * Technology, crops and religious political theory spread from China in the east to Europe in the west while also connecting India, the Middle East and Africas Swahili coast13. Constantinople Was constructed by Constantine * Allowed the imperial court to keep watch on the Sasanid Empire in Persia * Was built because the eastern half was the wealthier and more productive part of the empire * Allowed the imperial court to keep watch on Germanic tribes on the Danube14. The items Marco Polo encountered at Kublai khans court and described to Europeans * Paper bullion * Food stocks noodles * Black stones coal * Gunpowder15. Middle Eastern trade in the period between 1000 to 1400 * A unified Moslem Empire which eliminated tariffs and encouraged trade16. Justinians most significant long-term accomp lishment * He regulated and established a new uniform legal code for his empire17. Comparison of the political systems in western Europe and China during the time period 1000 1300 * Western Europe developed multiple monarchies while China maintained a integrity empire18. After the fall of Rome, the only real institutions of reading in Western Europe were the * Christian monasteries19. Hagia Sophia was * The magnificent church at Constantinople20. Major public work that was first constructed by emperor Yangdi during the Sui Dynasty in China * The Grand Canal21. A result of the Viking raids on Europe from the eighth to the 10th centuries was that * Europeans organized into feudalistic societies for protection22. In 1054 the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople * Mutually excommunicated each other23. Charlemagne * He expanded the Frankish territory * He supported education and literacy * He instituted the missi dominci * He established his capital in Aachen24. Guilds du ring the Late Medieval period Admitted women as members25. Relationships between Islam and the influence it received from other cultures * India mathematics & political economy * Persia literacy works & politics * Greece philosophy & medicine * China paper, cotton & silk26. The main Indian influence on Islamic thought was in the plain stitch of * Mathematics27. Major result of the Christian Crusades * Europeans were introduced to new technology, trade and cultural exchanges28. Common feature of most Middle Eastern, Asian and European societies during the period of 1000 to 1450 * A close association with religion29. The most striking difference between the Tang and the Song dynasties affecting their natural selection was * The differing ways they chose to deal with nomads on their frontiers30. The two major sources of stability during the Medieval period of Europe * Feudalism and the Catholic church31. In regard to political structure, postclassical India * Developed no singl e centralized imperial authority32. An invasion in 451 C. E. , by the White Huns, began the collapse of the * Gupta dynasty33. In 711, the northern Indian area of Sind fell to the * Umayyad dynasty34. The most important new crop introduced to China during the Tang and Song periods was * Fast-ripening rice35. The primary difference between Shiite Muslims and Sunni Muslims is a disagreement over * The leadership of the Muslim community after Muhammads death36. The Indian ruler Harsha was known for * His Buddhist faith and his kind-hearted treatment of his subjects37. Legacy of the Vikings during the medieval period * Feudalism * Exploration * warfare * Shipping technology38. The Abbasid Dynasty differed from the Umayyad Dynasty in that * It was not a conquering dynasty39. The Delhi sultans were never able to expand their control beyond northern India40. The Crusades by European Christians at the end of the eleventh century were motivated primarily by * Efforts to unite religious powe r and retake control of Jerusalem and the dedicated Lands41. An example of interaction among Indian, Arab and European societies by 1200 was the transfer of * Numerals and decimal system42. The Tang planned to avoid the concentration of land by the wealthy by implementing the * New economic planning system43. Zheng He was * The Chinese admiral who made seven journeys of exploration44. Hindu temples Played an important role in the agricultural and financial development of southern India45. Major reason for the rapid expansion of Islam during the 7th & 8th centuries * The advanced soldiers technology of the Islam forces46. India was a natural location for the establishment of emporia because of * Its central locations in the Indian Ocean basin47. Achievements of the Early Middle Ages * A replication of political order through a feudal system * well-nigh economic recovery because of agricultural advancement * The creation of an institutional fashion model for the Christian church based in Rome48. The adoption of the Neo-Confucianism by the Ming dynasty during the 14th century was primarily motivated by the * Need for qualified government administrators49. The Byzantine Empire achieved * The conversion of many Slavic peoples to Christianity50. Islamic & Chinese empires in the postclassical period (700 1200 C. E. ) shared a characteristic of * colossal urbanization & maritime trade51. Most important effect of Islamic expansion on the civilizations of medieval Europe * The transmittal of Greek & Arab learning52. The development and spread of Christianity and Buddhism both * Were outgrowths of other religions * Were aided in their spread by the trade networks * Developed monastic orders * Venerated people of high spiritual merit53. In medieval society, political power was vested in * topical anaesthetic authorities54. The most important relationship in feudalism was between * Lord and retainerUnit 3 Part 21. The largest empire of all time was created by the * Mongols2. The Inca quipu was * A record keeping device consisting of small cords with knots3. The political power of the khans was based on Indirect rule through the leaders of allied tribes4. In an effort to strengthen the Mongol fighting forces, Chinggis Khan * Formed new military units with no tribal affiliations5. Who made a famous pilgrimage to Meca in 1324 1325? * Mansa Musa6. Khubilal Khans military and imperial pursuits * Had little success when he tried to conquer Vietnam, Cambodia, Burma, and Japan7. Ethiopian Christianity * Retained both traditional African and Christian beliefs8. The Mongols brought greater integration among Eurasian peoples by * Increased trade * Resettlement of conquered peoples diplomatical missions9. Devastation wrought by the bubonic plague played a key role in the fourteenth century collapse of the * yuan dynasty10. The introduction of a new crop about 400 C. E. encouraged a fresh migratory surge in Africa. What was the crop? * Bananas11. The f irst European nation to dominate trade with Asia was * Portugal12. By the middle of the first millennium B. C. E. , the Bantu had begun to produce * Iron13. The late fourteenth century Turkish ruler who weakened the Golden Horde, sacked Delhi, and launched campaigns in south-west Asia and Anatolla, was * Tamerlane14. One of the central factors in the establishment of trans-Saharan trade was * The domestication of the camel15. By the tenth century C. E. , the kings of Ghana had converted to * Islam16. Foundations of Malis power * conceal over trans-Saharan trade * A strong cavalry * A series of powerful kings17. During the period of Mongol mastery, * Long-distance trade became much less risky18. In regard to political structure, the Aztec empire * Had no fat bureaucracy19. Just as the kingdoms of west Africa depended on trans-Saharan trade, the kingdoms of east Africa depended on * Indian Ocean trade20. The Ilkhanate in Persia began a rapid dusk in the 1200s * After the governmen t issued paper money21. Since there was no concept of private ownership of land in sub-Saharan Africa, * hard worker ownership formed an important aspect of determining personal wealth22. Historians estimate that between 750 and 1500 C. E. , the number of slaves transported north as part of the trans-Saharan slave was * Ten million23. In the five centuries after the year 1000 C. E. , the peoples of the eastern hemisphere * Traveled and interacted more intensively than ever before24. By 1750, all parts of the world participated in a world(prenominal) trade network in which Europeans played possessive roles except * Australia25. Khubilal Khan employed Marco Polo in administrative posts * Because he did not entirely trust his Chinese subjects26. When Pope Innocent IV sent envoys to invite the Mongols in an alliance against the Muslims, * The khans declined and in turn told the Christians to submit to Mongol rule or be destroyed27. Ibn Battuta was able to travel so extensively becaus e * His religious and legal training allowed him to serve as qadi28. fruit that had a new impact during this period of increasing interaction * Silk29. The northeastern American Indian societies * Possessed no form of writing30. Common results of a bubonic plague * A decline in trade * A decline in population * Peasant rebellions caused by efforts to hitch wages31. The Yongle Encyclopedia * Represented the Ming rulers interest in supporting indwelling Chinese cultural traditions 32. Central to the Renaissance thought beginning in northern Italy was * A fascination with the ancient world33. Mali became the wealthiest kingdom in sub-Saharan Africa because of * Its control of the gold trade34. Humanist moral philosophers believed that * quite a little could lead morally virtuous lives while participating in the world35. Under Spanish rule of the Philippines, the native population * Was pressured to convert to Roman Catholicism36. In regard to exploration, Prince Henry was to Portu gal what _________ was to China. * Wan Li37. The Toltec state collapsed by around 1175 because * Of a combination of civil conflict and winding invasion38. The chinampa system refers to * The Aztec practice of dredging fertile muck from the lakes bottom39. In regard to gender issues in sub-Saharan Africa, Women had more opportunities open to them than did their counterparts in other societies40. Rulers among the Mexica were chosen by * A council made up of the most successful warriors41. A Mexica woman who died in childbirth * won the same fame as warriors who died valiantly in battle42. The Aztecs viewed human hold * As an essential ritual to ensure the worlds survival43. North American societies * Developed on a relatively small scale44. In regard to political structure, the early Bantu societies * Governed themselves broadly speaking through family and kinship groups45. The Inca imposed order By taking hostages from the conquered tribes ruling classes46. Hallmark of Hongwus ru le * The reestablishment of Confucian education * Extensive use of the civil service system * The reestablishment of the civil service system47. The cultural and religious traditions of the Australian aborigines * Did not diffuse much beyond their own regions48. During the early modern era, which of the following non-European peoples explored the Indian Ocean? * Chinese49. In sub-Saharan Africa, an age grade was * A publicly recognized group that performed tasks based on their strength and maturity50. Main inspirations for European exploration * The desire to conquer China and India51. The invasions of the nomadic Turkish and Mongol tribes between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries * Facilitated greater cross-cultural communication and integration52. Reasons for the European interest in finding a maritime trade route * The spread of the bubonic plague made the silk roads more dangerous * The high prices charged by Muslim merchants * The demand in Europe for items such as Indian pe pper and Chinese ginger53. The Reconquista came to an end in 1492 when * The Muslim kingdom of Granada fell to Spanish Catholic forces54. Chinese inventions * Sternpost rudder and magnetic compass55. The profitable merchandise that Vasco da Gama purchased in India was made up of * Pepper and cinnamon56. The Portuguese dominance of trade was dependent on their ability to * Force merchant ships to call at beef up trading sites and pay duties57. In the end, Portugal was unable to maintain its early domination of trade because * It was a small country with a small population58. Advantages that the English and Dutch had over the Portuguese * They possessed faster, cheaper, and more powerful ships * They created joint-stock companies * They were wealthier countries59. The Dutch policy in Indonesia was * To control the production of spices60. The country that finished the Seven Years War with global hegemony was * England61. In the long term, the Columbian exchange * Increased world popul ation because of the spread of new sustenance crops62. From 1500 to 1800, the largest contingent of migrants consisted of * Enslaved Africans